Scientific method is a general term covering the norms of scientific practice. The implied meaning of the concept is that all proper tests, publication of findings and peer evaluation have been conducted, so that the results are properly tested. Scientific method is often a highly contentious subject within the sciences, where the requirement for proper conduct is weighed against different approaches. Strong criticism is often leveled at those who are perceived to have departed from this methodology, often with good reason. Many scientific hoaxes are exposed when subjected to stringent evaluation using the scientific method.